The Muslim world has reacted very strongly to cartoons of the Prophet Mohammad in the Danish newspaper, Jyllands-Posten. One of these images showed Mohammad with a headdress shaped like a bomb. Another had him saying that there weren’t enough virgins in paradise for suicide bombers. In Islam tradition, one is not to depict the prophet Mohammad, as it promotes idolatry. The anger in the Muslim world has lead to demonstrations and boycotts. It is only now, after many months and such boycotts and diplomatic sanctions that the newspaper is apologizing.
I find the newspaper’s images disturbing for two reasons. The first is that it reinforces the stereotype that Muslims are terrorists and that Islam itself promotes terrorism. This is a misconception Muslims have been fighting for decades. Yes, it is true that there are terrorists who are also Muslims. However, it is not true that Islam is violent by nature or that Muslims of the world are terrorists. This is the more simple of the two reasons I find the images offensive.
The second reason is the justification given for the images. The paper said, “Our right to say, write, photograph and draw what we want to within the framework of the law exists and must endure - unconditionally!” In other words, “the law allows us freedom of speech.” I won’t disagree that they have the right to say what they want to say. I won’t disagree that censorship by a government of ideas or media is a bad thing. However, I do disagree that having the freedom of speech means you should use it to say whatever you want, no matter how much it could offend people.
More and more often, offensive material in our society is being justified by freedom of speech or as having some kind of meaning as satire on the current state of affairs. It is true, satire often offends people. It is meant to. It tries to challenge us to look at what we think and what is going on in the world around us, sometimes even effecting political and social change that benefits us all.
However, while a lot of satire is offensive, not everything that is offensive is inherently satire. A dead baby joke, for instance, is not trying to make some sweeping social commentary on abortion. It is simply there to offend. Some find such things personally offensive. Others laugh. Some even do both. No one has illusions about such jokes. No one telling these jokes tries to wrap them up in some grand political meaning. They are offensive, plain and simple.
Now, anyone who makes offensive content can claim to be making social commentary on free speech itself. “I am defending my freedom of speech” has become the rallying cry of rude people who have nothing really interesting to say, but instead are being offensive for the sake of being offensive. Personally, I think Eminem is a great example of this. Eminem is not being satirical when he raps about homosexuals, women, and just about everyone else in the way he does. He’s not some brilliant lyricist trying to overturn the status quo. He is a person who is being offensive because it will get him attention and sell millions of records. No attempt to effect social or political change here. Nevertheless, this is the argument we hear. We hear from his avid fans that he’ll say anything and how awesome that is and people who are offended just don’t get it.
That is the essence of the problem: defending one’s offensive speech with “well, they are just overreacting” or “I have a right to say what I want” is no defense, it is simply a shift of responsibility from the person who created the offensive art to the person offended by it. It is like trying to say a woman who claims she was raped is at fault because she didn’t enjoy it. To shift the blame makes it easier for the entire world to become more offensive, to respect one another less and less.
The shift of blame continues in the form of calling any attempt at tolerance “political correctness,” a phrase with a negative connotation of excessive sensitivity in order not to upset those who aren’t thick-skinned enough to take a little criticism. I agree, there are some things that push sensitivity too far. The whole “Happy Holidays” vs. “Merry Christmas” is a shining example. I never had an objection to Merry Christmas. No matter what words are used to express the sentiment, the message is still the same: a wish that one is happy during this season and has warm and friendly experiences. The message is a positive one.
On the other hand, accusing those who get upset at the depiction of their prophet as a terrorist of being overly sensitive is trying to justify offensive statements. Depicting Mohammad with a bomb as a headdress does not express good feelings towards anyone. It does not attempt to question the status quo. It does not make some broad commentary on the situation Muslims face in an attempt to bring about change. It is offensive for the sake of being offensive. It serves to reinforce stereotypes that cause all followers of a religion to be watched carefully out of fear. It angers a group of people in the hope of getting attention. It is hate speech, nothing more.
I am certainly not calling for the Danish government to punish the newspaper or to limit freedom of speech. In the same way, I don’t think Eminem CDs should be pulled from the shelves of stores. However, what speaks about us as a society is not just the freedoms we have, but how we use them. Exercising one’s freedom is a wonderful testament to those who fought to win us those freedoms and the struggle many faced to change wrongs they saw in the world.
Nevertheless, one should always keep in mind that having the right to be offensive doesn’t mean you should be. I’ve seen people say in response to the reaction on the part of Muslims that they should just cool it because other groups are subject to such offensive imagery, too. How is that a justification? Although it is a cliché, it is still true, “an eye for an eye leaves us all blind.”
So where does this leave the situation? Danish products have been boycotted in much of the Muslim world, resulting in sales in that part of the world approaching zero. In fact, Arla Foods has been forced to lay off 125 workers as a result. I have to say, good for the people who are participating in the boycott! I’m not sure I buy any products produced in Denmark. I believe I will take a little closer look, however, and make sure I do not. I hope that such boycotts send a strong message that such hate speech is not tolerable. It does not make us better off as individuals or as a society.